0 Created on April 24, 2023 By anup 402 Scent and the Scenting Dog True_False 1 / 247 Syrotuck uses the word “scent” to refer to the combination of odors or smells that characterize an individual; he uses the word “odor” to refer to specific sources of odors such as foot odors and chemical odors True False 2 / 247 Dr J Amoore has broken odors down into 7 categories, which differed in the shape of their molecular structures. True False 3 / 247 Dr. R. Wright has suggested that the 2 broad categories of how receptor cells in the nose are stimulated are (1) by vibration or (2) by the chemical shape of vapors and gases. True False 4 / 247 The source of human scent is the body. True False 5 / 247 Genetics determines our hormone balance and as a result, our emotional responses. True False 6 / 247 Scent-wise all human beings smell the same. True False 7 / 247 Of interest to people working with dogs is the fact that the size and function of the sweat glands of Caucasians and Orientals are all different. True False 8 / 247 Cultural customs and diet will all have an effect on odors given off in body secretions. True False 9 / 247 The human body is made up of approximately 60 trillion cells. True False 10 / 247 In humans, approximately 50 million cells die every second and some are shed from our body. True False 11 / 247 Syrotuck’s main focus in the book is on the skin cells that are shed from the human body. True False 12 / 247 Dead skin cells that are shed from our bodies are called boats. True False 13 / 247 Dead skin cells are never visible to the naked eye. True False 14 / 247 Sweat is one of the primary body odors. True False 15 / 247 Environment has no effect on sweat. True False 16 / 247 The composition of sweat is the same in every individual. True False 17 / 247 The 2 sources of sweat are the eccrine and apocrine glands. True False 18 / 247 Eccrine glands cover the entire body. True False 19 / 247 Two of the areas that contain the most eccrine glands are the soles of the feet and the forehead. True False 20 / 247 Cold is the main stimulus for the eccrine gland. True False 21 / 247 The apocrine glands are located at the base of hair follicles in areas like the perianus and the genitals. True False 22 / 247 Stress is the main stimulus for the apocrine sweat gland. True False 23 / 247 The offensive odor of sweat is produced when apocrine sweat is exposed to bacteria on the skin. True False 24 / 247 Sebaceous glands are found on the face, scalp and pubic area. True False 25 / 247 The respiratory and genitourinary tracts contribute to odor. True False 26 / 247 Research has shown that regular bathing may increase bacterial activity on the skin because the act of washing away the skin exposes hidden microorganisms. True False 27 / 247 The body’s exposure to the environment means that bacteria, fungi and parasites end up inhabiting the skin. True False 28 / 247 The face, neck, armpits and groin have a high density of bacteria. True False 29 / 247 It may be true that there is almost as much bacteria on the skin as there is in the soil. True False 30 / 247 The main ingredients of human scent are bacteria acting on dead skin cells. True False 31 / 247 When dead skin cells are broken down by the action of bacteria, the process is called putrafaction. Putrafaction gives off odors in the form of vapors and gases. True False 32 / 247 A single bacterium has a long life span – it grows, matures, reproduces and dies over a period of weeks. True False 33 / 247 Temperature is probably the most significant factor that affects the growth of bacteria. True False 34 / 247 Loose clothing and exposed skin will increase the escape of scent from a warm body better than clothing that is tighter fitting. True False 35 / 247 Any type of rubber or plastic clothing that increases overheating and sweating can give off as much scent as if the person were not wearing such clothing. True False 36 / 247 Any type of rubber or plastic clothing that increases overheating and sweating can give off as much scent as if the person were not wearing such clothing. True False 37 / 247 One researcher claims that a dog can detect the scent of a person’s foot approximately 8 minutes after being in a new pair of rubber boots 0.2 millimeters thick. True False 38 / 247 Body odor is produced because bacteria acts upon our body’s dead skin cells, residues and body secretions. True False 39 / 247 Regarding soaps, laundry preparations and clothing, all individuals react the same way and give off the same odors to these items. True False 40 / 247 A person’s emotions will have no effect on the odor they give off. True False 41 / 247 Rafts are cornflake in shape, which makes them aerodynamic. True False 42 / 247 About 10 cells are shed every minute by the body. True False 43 / 247 Rafts have nothing to do with the odor that comes off of a person’s body. True False 44 / 247 Rafts form a kind of vapor cloud around each person. True False 45 / 247 The size of the raft will determine how far away it will be carried. True False 46 / 247 Another name for raft is dead skin cell. True False 47 / 247 There is no theory that supports the idea that a current of air next to the surface of the skin acts as a transport system for rafts. True False 48 / 247 Air seems to flow from the feet upward to the top of the head. True False 49 / 247 The flow of air increases as the outside temperature increases. True False 50 / 247 It seems apparent that body air currents provide a transportation system for the body’s dead skin cells (rafts) that are laden with bacteria. True False 51 / 247 The individual scent of each person is the human bacteria working on the dead skin cells. True False 52 / 247 From a chemical and molecular view point, there are an infinite number of individual odors that can be created. True False 53 / 247 When rafts are cast into the environment they are affected by wind, temperature and humidity. True False 54 / 247 One of the best ways to judge wind conditions is to moisten a finger and hold it in the air. True False 55 / 247 A good way to assess wind conditions is to watch smoke that has been generated at ground level. True False 56 / 247 Temperature varies as one goes from ground level to farther distances off the ground. True False 57 / 247 A cross wind will have no effect on rafts. True False 58 / 247 Although wind may be coming from one particular direction, a roadway will tend to channel air and scent along its length. True False 59 / 247 Scent may pool in basin-like pockets when cool air is flowing downhill. True False 60 / 247 When there is little air exchange, it tends to be a dead area with regard to scent. True False 61 / 247 Temperature and humidity have little effect on the dispersion of rafts. True False 62 / 247 If a dog handler is using air currents in a search effort, he will find that wind currents will travel up a slope in the morning. True False 63 / 247 As the sun starts to lower, the ridges and upper air cool first and the cool air will run down the slope. True False 64 / 247 When working dogs on scent, it is best to work the ridges in the morning and the valleys in the later part of the afternoon. True False 65 / 247 At night, air in closed areas cools first and flows uphill. True False 66 / 247 At night, cool air tends to be slower moving and subject to less turbulence. True False 67 / 247 Exposed surfaces are exposed to greater extremes of temperature. True False 68 / 247 Light surfaces absorb heat and may cause small areas of counter-currents. True False 69 / 247 Less heat tends to occur on small rocky outcrops and creates substantial counter-currents. True False 70 / 247 All humans have the same scent. True False 71 / 247 All humans have the same scent. True False 72 / 247 Syrotuck proposes that each human is surrounded by a cloud of scent, portions of which drop off and settle on the ground around him. True False 73 / 247 Sight is the best developed sense in newborn babies. True False 74 / 247 A lot of what we know about scent comes from studies of humans. True False 75 / 247 A lot of what we know about scent comes from studies of humans. True False 76 / 247 Blind people have a less developed sense of smell than sighted people. True False 77 / 247 Many four footed animals, including dogs have a keen sense of smell. True False 78 / 247 Discrimination is the ability of a dog to find one particular smell among numerous other odors. True False 79 / 247 There have been no studies that show that the more training humans and animals receive, the better their ability to discriminate among odors. True False 80 / 247 Sometimes the presence of certain chemicals blocks the ability to smell other odors. True False 81 / 247 Studies show that if a human first sniffs the odor of acetone and then the odor of xylene, he/she will be able to discern the odor of xylene; but if the odor of xylene is sniffed first followed by the acetone odor, the acetone smell will not be discernable. This might be applicable to dogs. True False 82 / 247 Gasoline will not block a dog’s sense of smell. True False 83 / 247 It is likely that a dog will become very disturbed by a strong new smell. True False 84 / 247 Since a dog’s scenting ability is so developed it is not really necessary to expose him to a lot of new environments and odors. True False 85 / 247 Certain odors like a female in season evoke predictable responses in a dog. This same principle may explain why a dog may respond with dislike to a person who is afraid of him. True False 86 / 247 Receptor sites in the nose are involved in human and animal scenting. True False 87 / 247 Gases and vapors are not involved in giving off odors. True False 88 / 247 All odors must reach the nose.All odors must reach the nose. True False 89 / 247 Vaporous material will not retain odor for a very long time. True False 90 / 247 The warmer something is the more odiferous it becomes. True False 91 / 247 Anything frozen will never give off an odor. True False 92 / 247 Finding a cold body in a cold environment will be difficult. True False 93 / 247 Humans can smell all the same things that dogs can. True False 94 / 247 Some slightly porous materials can hold vaporous odors for many hours. True False 95 / 247 All breeds of dogs have the same scenting abilities. True False 96 / 247 The sinuses of a dog are probably involved with scenting ability. True False 97 / 247 If a dog has infected teeth, it may seriously affect his ability to use his nose. True False 98 / 247 Once the mucous membranes of a dog are damaged, the nose lining will never regenerate. True False 99 / 247 Almost one eighth of the dog’s brain is involved with olfaction. True False 100 / 247 Most albino animals have an especially keen sense of smell. True False 101 / 247 It is necessary to keep breeding for rich brown pigment in the olfactory areas of working dogs since it is associated with the ability to smell. True False 102 / 247 Anosmia means an inability to smell. True False 103 / 247 The more olfactory cells in a human or animal, the better the sense of smell. True False 104 / 247 The size of various dog breeds has nothing to do with how many olfactory cells it has. True False 105 / 247 Dachshunds have more olfactory cells than Fox Terriers. True False 106 / 247 A dog’s sense of smell is about 44 times greater than a human’s sense of smell. True False 107 / 247 Some researchers feel that the larger the olfactory area of an animal, the better will be its ability to discriminate among different odors. True False 108 / 247 Short nosed (brachycephalic) dogs have the best senses of smell. True False 109 / 247 Certain breeds of white or light colored dogs may have an impaired sense of smell. True False 110 / 247 Dogs with smaller sized brains have a reduced olfactory area and may have a less keen sense of smell than larger dogs. True False 111 / 247 There is little doubt that regular practice will improve both the working ability of the dog's mind as well as the discriminatory quality of his nose. True False 112 / 247 The 2 components of the ground scent picture are the footstep on the ground and the rafts which have come to rest on the earth. True False 113 / 247 A footstep on the soil will not create a disturbance of the soil. True False 114 / 247 The fact that vegetation is crushed by a footstep will have not anything to do with the ground scent picture. True False 115 / 247 Lush vegetation will provide more soil bacteria and therefore more scent than will dry sand and gravel. True False 116 / 247 Crushed vegetation provides nutrients for the bacteria that live in the soil resulting in the release of various odor producing chemicals. True False 117 / 247 The amount of vapor or odor containing gases produced in the area of one footstep has nothing to do with the size of the person’s foot or how much the person weighs. True False 118 / 247 The vapors coming off the area of the footsteps are different and more intense than the surrounding area. True False 119 / 247 The odors coming from the crushed vegetation and soil disturbance are the same as a person’s body scent as that person walks on that particular area. True False 120 / 247 The odors coming from the crushed vegetation and soil disturbance are the same as a person’s body scent as that person walks on that particular area. True False 121 / 247 If wind conditions are right, the vapors coming off each footstep tend to link together to form a tunnel of vapor over the pattern of a person’s footsteps. True False 122 / 247 When rafts come to fall on the ground they become part of the ground scent picture. True False 123 / 247 Rafts that fall on very hot sand will give a greater and longer production of odorous vapor than rafts that fall on to cooler,ccccsshaded areas. True False 124 / 247 Because soil conditions vary from acre to acre, it is impossible to know how long vapors will be given off. True False 125 / 247 Moisture or humidity has little effect on the action of bacteria with regard to the ground picture. True False 126 / 247 Sunlight seriously affects bacteria with some rays actually having the power to destroy bacteria. True False 127 / 247 Wind conditions will have an effect on how rafts fall to the ground along any particular route. True False 128 / 247 When a person’s foot hits the ground, the following three factors develop: (1) vegetative fluids are released, (2) vapor enshrouded rafts fall to the ground, and (3) the plant cells that are crushed by the foot start to decompose on or in the soil. True False 129 / 247 The fact that certain plants have different and pronounced odors means that they may produce background odors that can mask the odor which is being sought. True False 130 / 247 Cedar, mint, skunk cabbage and onions are plants that produce strong background odors that might mask other odors. True False 131 / 247 Odors from vegetative fluids like mint or elderberry tend to last longer than the odors from dead cells of plants. True False 132 / 247 Vegetative scent tends to be more intense and last longer than human scent. True False 133 / 247 Regarding ground scent, two of the reasons the vapor from rafts last for a shorter period of time compared to dead plant cell vapors is that the raft vapor process was already underway when the rafts left the body and there are relatively fewer dead skin cells compared to dead plant cells. True False 134 / 247 Variations in temperature have the biggest effect on odors resulting from bacterial activity. True False 135 / 247 Tests designed to show how temperature affects scenting conditions indicated that all things being equal, scenting conditions are better around noontime. True False 136 / 247 Studies show that airborne rafts are subject to less extreme temperatures than rafts that have landed on the ground. True False 137 / 247 Moisture must be present for bacterial activity to continue. True False 138 / 247 The intensity of scent increases during early evening because dew forms on the grass and provides hydration so that bacteria have a food supply. True False 139 / 247 Rafts there were deposited around noon would best be perceived around evening. True False 140 / 247 Rafts that were deposited in the evening would be best perceived at noon the following day. True False 141 / 247 If a footstep on the ground is shaded by a large leaf, the intensity of the scent of the footstep can be increased or decreased by whether it is shaded or exposed to sunlight as the sun changes position throughout the day. True False 142 / 247 A footstep in the shade will have a less intense scent than one exposed to sunlight. True False 143 / 247 The scent of the entire ground picture is composed of 2 main vapors: (1) the vapor of bacteria working on human dead skin cells (rafts) and (2) vapors produced by soil bacteria working on dead plant cells (plants are killed when they are stepped on). True False 144 / 247 The odor given off by each human is the same for each person. True False 145 / 247 The odor given off by each killed plant differs depending on the plant. True False 146 / 247 Vegetative odors persist longer than human odors. True False 147 / 247 When a human walks over the ground, the majority of rafts falling from his body will be dispersed over a wide area, depending on the wind. True False 148 / 247 In general, vapor from rafts falling from the body tends to last a long time. True False 149 / 247 Very few rafts falling from the human body tend to fall near the person’s footsteps. True False 150 / 247 Dead plant vapors do not help a dog discriminate the scent of one human from another. True False 151 / 247 It may appear that a dog is following the footsteps of a particular person when in reality he is following dead plant vapor. True False 152 / 247 A dog would have difficulty telling the difference between two sets of footprints that crossed each other if they were made at the same time and by a person of the same weight and shoe size. True False 153 / 247 It is just as easy for a dog to follow a scent over a hard surface like a road or concrete as it is to follow a scent over vegetation. True False 154 / 247 Rafts (dead skin cells) that fall into cracks or crevices on a hot, dry surface may rehydrate at dark and provide a food supply for the bacteria. True False 155 / 247 Porous and uneven surfaces like sandstone, rock slides and course asphalt, will support bacterial growth longer than other hard surfaces. True False 156 / 247 Within the strict definition of the term, a tracking dog should indicate almost each one of the subject’s footsteps. True False 157 / 247 A tracking dog and trailing dog are the same thing. True False 158 / 247 It’s OK for a tracking dog to move more than 2 feet from the subject’s footsteps. True False 159 / 247 A trailing dog can take shortcuts as he follows a subject’s footsteps. True False 160 / 247 A basic orientation of the tracking dog is leaves of vegetation. True False 161 / 247 Tracking dogs are characterized by keeping their nose to ground. True False 162 / 247 Trailing dogs may sniff at vegetation 2 or 3 feet off the ground. True False 163 / 247 Based on Syrotuck’s definition, a trailing dog and air scent dog are the same thing. True False 164 / 247 An air scent dog may completely ignore the ground scent. True False 165 / 247 The tracking dog’s training is oriented to following footsteps. True False 166 / 247 “Tracking” dogs may have to be taught how to discriminate by training on predominantly hard dry ground with sparse vegetation. True False 167 / 247 “Trailing” dogs need to be allowed to work some distance from the exact route. True False 168 / 247 Syrotuck calls air scenting dogs, point source dogs. True False 169 / 247 There is only one kind of point source oriented dogs. True False 170 / 247 Point source oriented dogs are characterized by a nose to the ground posture. True False 171 / 247 The exclusively nose to the ground type of dog has the highest discriminatory potential. True False 172 / 247 In point source training, it is important to practice with a variety of locations. True False 173 / 247 A benefit to point source search training is that it has varied applications. True False 174 / 247 In searching for the source of a scent, the amount of time that has passed is irrelevant. True False 175 / 247 In searching for the source of a scent, the amount of time that has passed is irrelevant. True False 176 / 247 In searching for humans, we must decide if we need a dog to simply detect a scent to discriminate among various human scents. True False 177 / 247 In searching for a victim lost in a wilderness area, dogs that are detection trained can be effective. True False 178 / 247 A tracking dog uses a discrimination method. True False 179 / 247 The following are necessary for both a tracking and a detection dog to perform: getting to the scene early enough; having favorable atmospheric conditions; and having an available article of clothing. True False 180 / 247 Usually police work involving crime scenes require a dog who can discriminate. True False 181 / 247 Dogs need to be trained either to do discrimination work or detection work based on the problem that needs to be solved. True False 182 / 247 No dogs have ever been trained as “prospecting dogs” who can detect various kinds of mineral deposits. True False 183 / 247 A pitfall of the tracking dog is that because he learns to associate footsteps as being a cue for a victim, he may fail to develop and use other talents like sight, sound and sniffing air currents. True False 184 / 247 Sometimes a dog can become so “footstep happy” he may pick up and work any set of ground disturbance patterns in order to please his/her master. True False 185 / 247 Sometimes a dog can become so “footstep happy” he may pick up and work any set of ground disturbance patterns in order to please his/her master. True False 186 / 247 It is unusual for older or over-trained dogs to consistently overshoot a track that has turned. True False 187 / 247 It is unusual for older or over-trained dogs to consistently overshoot a track that has turned. True False 188 / 247 If a dog appears always eager and happy to go tracking, it is always an indication that he really likes to do the job. True False 189 / 247 Kennel dogs are more prone to looking eager to work when in reality they are more excited just to be going some place. True False 190 / 247 Dogs that are punished for making a mistake are more likely to fake following a scent. True False 191 / 247 Dogs that are trained to work in front of a handler will never get miscues from the handler with regard to which direction to turn. True False 192 / 247 AKC tracking tests require a harness and leash. True False 193 / 247 A harness and leash can be used as safety equipment when dogs are working cliff areas or a source of identification for dogs in Europe. True False 194 / 247 Syrotuck feels that from a practical application, the leash and harness are always necessary. True False 195 / 247 Voice commands should never be used with a tracking dog. True False 196 / 247 A leash and harness can inhibit a tracking dog’s freedom of movement and ability to investigate. True False 197 / 247 A leash and harness can inhibit a tracking dog’s freedom of movement and ability to investigate. True False 198 / 247 The leash is an advantage in heavy underbrush. True False 199 / 247 Less frequent rest stops are necessary when using a leash and harness. True False 200 / 247 Bloodhounds typically need a leash and harness. True False 201 / 247 A dog that is searching for a lost individual in the wilderness will typically use a random search pattern. True False 202 / 247 In a random search pattern the dog is out ahead of the handler and is casting back and forth. True False 203 / 247 Avalanche dogs often use a signalled search pattern. True False 204 / 247 A signaled search pattern and a random search pattern are the same thing. True False 205 / 247 Police departments who have trained marijuana dogs most often use the signalled search pattern. True False 206 / 247 Some feel the signalled search pattern may interrupt the dog’s concentration because he is always waiting for a command from his/her handler. True False 207 / 247 A routine search pattern is one of the preferred patterns for locating an avalanche pattern. True False 208 / 247 It is always beneficial to attach bells and lights to unleashed scenting dogs in the dark. True False 209 / 247 Bells and lights are especially important for police dogs working at night. True False 210 / 247 Snow increases bacterial activity and improves scenting conditions. True False 211 / 247 The best snow condition for scent is very loose and dry snow. True False 212 / 247 The worst snow condition for scent is wet snow. True False 213 / 247 With regard to different layers of snowfall, the top layer will be the warmest. True False 214 / 247 It is almost impossible for a dog to “track” a person who has walked over a snow surface. True False 215 / 247 Scent intensity will be highest on the snow surface. True False 216 / 247 Dogs can easily follow footprints in the snow as long as there are no other footprints; if other footprints are present he/she must discriminate. True False 217 / 247 It is possible to follow a track that was laid on bare ground and then covered by melted snow. True Falsef 218 / 247 Rafts that have fallen on bare ground and are subsequently covered by melting snow, can float to the surface of the snow. True False 219 / 247 For victims that are covered by a snowfall, under normal circumstances, an average dog can detect their vapors through a layer of snow 12 feet deep. True False 220 / 247 If a victim is covered by several different layers of snow it can diminish the amount of vapors that reach the surface. True False 221 / 247 It’s easier for a dog to detect a person who is buried under heavy, very wet snow. True False 222 / 247 It’s easier for a dog to detect a person who is buried under heavy, very wet snow. True False 223 / 247 In an Austrian experiment, dogs were not able to follow a tract made by a wheel built with foot pads on the rim. True False 224 / 247 As long as a track was started with human footsteps, a dog did not differentiate between human and wooden footsteps. True False 225 / 247 Vegetative vapors don’t give dogs any discriminative information. True False 226 / 247 Dogs that are trained on rafts are better able to learn how to discriminate. True False 227 / 247 Wetting a dog’s nose to keep it moist will not improve its scenting ability. True False 228 / 247 Tracking, trailing and air scenting are better in a warm and humid environment as opposed to a hot and dry one. True False 229 / 247 It is easier to track and trail on hot sand. True False 230 / 247 A light rain can be beneficial because it rehydrates the bacterial activity. True False 231 / 247 A prolonged rain is the best scenario for the scent picture. True False 232 / 247 It is likely that scent particles have a certain initial velocity. True False 233 / 247 Scent is easily perceptible upwind. True False 234 / 247 It is very easy for a dog to track on a hard surface like a road. True False 235 / 247 Dogs can detect humans in swamp areas as long as the dog’s working ability is not interfered with. True False 236 / 247 It is impossible for a dog to find a person who has crossed a stream. True False 237 / 247 The scent of someone who has crossed a narrow stream is usually found along the banks of the stream and downstream. True False 238 / 247 Following a scent at night can be easier than during the day. True False 239 / 247 A 30 minute track is harder to follow than a 10 minute track. True False 240 / 247 Porous objects like shoes, wallets and gloves will absorb a scent better than non-porous objects like metal watch bands or plastic belts. True False 241 / 247 When a person handles an object there is a direct transfer of skin secretions, cells and bacteria. True False 242 / 247 Even if an article is bleached, scent cannot be removed from it. True False 243 / 247 Even if an article is bleached, scent cannot be removed from it. True False 244 / 247 Leaving a scent article in the sun will not destroy the scent. True False 245 / 247 It is technically impossible for a human to avoid detection by a dog. True False 246 / 247 A person's breath will not leave a scent. True False 247 / 247 It is possible to mask marijuana so it cannot be detected by a dog. True False Your score isThe average score is 0% LinkedIn Facebook VKontakte 0% Restart quiz